我国数字普惠金融发展现状、问题及融合研究

A Study on the Development Status, Problems and Integration of Digital Inclusive Finance in China

数字技术的发展正在改变普惠金融业务发展模式,并在扩大包容性和提升金融效率方面作出了积极的贡献。然而,由于数字普惠金融的内生性问题及数字金融发展所面临的技术困境,数字普惠金融的健康可持续发展依然面临诸多困难。本文从解决数字普惠金融成本—风险均衡的内生性问题入手,在分析当前数字普惠金融发展现状的同时,提出宏观角度的数字普惠金融发展策略,以及社会企业视角下的数字普惠金融与数字技术融合管理框架理论,旨在从政策层面和企业层面提出有利于商业银行推动数字普惠金融发展的策略和建议。最终构建基于数字技术—财务效益—社会价值—可持续性—监管与法律的保障模块管理框架。

As an important measure to financial fairness, financial inclusion has been widely recognized around the world. With the increasing spillover effect of digital technology, the innovation and development of financial inclusion has ushered in a new era. In recent years, the development of China’s digital financial inclusion has been significantly improved in terms of coverage and convenience. However, while digital technology provides convenience and real-time advantages for inclusive financial services, it also brings about technical problems, such as data competition, data security, and technical specifications. In addition, the cost-risk problem incommercial banks’ financial inclusion business is still the main contradiction hindering its sustainable development. Digital technology and financial inclusion should be fully integratedin the form of collaborative interconnection between modules, rather than application of business units independently. At present,there is a lack of research on the in-depth and systematic integration of digital technology and inclusive financial services.This paper uses the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China(2011—2020) to analyze the development level of provincial digital financial inclusion from the time series and spatial distribution. Regarding the spatial distribution characteristics, digital financial inclusion develops better in Chinese eastern and southern regions.Moreover, the development gap of digital financial inclusion in various administrative regions is gradually narrowing,and the development pattern is changing from the previous rapid and comprehensive one towards the breadth and depth of coverage. On this basis, this paper summarizes the current challenges faced by the development of digital financial inclusion. Accordingly, this paper proposes a strategy and management framework for the above problems from a macro perspective and a social enterprise performance perspective. It is recommended to promote the supply-side enthusiasm of financial inclusion from a macro perspective, such as reducing the cost of financial inclusion for financial institutions,introducing policies to encourage the application of digital technology to financial inclusion business,and establishing and improving market-based standards and regulatory mechanism for digital financial inclusion. Finally,this paper proposes to build a management framework for the deep integration of financial inclusion and digital technology in five dimensions of commercial banks.Compared with previous studies, this paper makes the following contributions. Firstly, in terms of the research perspective, it not only emphasizes digital financial inclusion business as an important manifestation of the social responsibility for commercial banks, but also points to improve the enthusiasm of commercial banks from the perspective of benefits. Secondly,it introduces the theory of social performance,and highlights financial benefit and social value as the guarantee for sustainable development of digital financial inclusion. Finally, policy recommendations center on the five-dimensional management framework, which integrates all modules involved in digital financial inclusion,so as to coordinately ensure and maintain the healthy development of financial inclusion.