寒地住区开放空间满意度对老人幸福感的影响

The Influence of Residential Open Space Satisfaction in Cold City on the Elderly Subjective Well-Being

住区开放空间是老年人重要活动场所,其空间品质对老年人生活质量影响显著。大量寒地城市老龄化严重,住区开放空间品质较差,难以满足老年人生活需求。为提升寒地住区老年宜居水平,调研3个寒地城市6个典型住区的老年人,把握其开放空间活动行为特征、开放空间满意度及其对主观幸福感的影响。研究表明:寒地城市老年人保持中低频率住区开放空间活动,活动集中在早饭后和午休后,时间在半到1小时,内容以个人活动为主。老年人对住区开放空间的易达性和儿童游戏设施较为满意,对植物绿化不满意。开放空间易达性、阳光条件、座椅设置、儿童游戏设施、植物绿化、治安环境等均对老年人幸福感影响显著,座椅设置、儿童游戏设施影响较大。

Residential open space is an important place for the elderly,and its spatial quality has an important impact on the quality of life of the elderly.A large number of cold cities have the problems of population aging and relatively poor residential open space,and cannot meet the living needs of the elderly.In order to improve the livability level of the elderly in the settlements of cold cities,the paper conducted a survey on the elderly in 6 typical settlements in 3 cold cities to grasp the characteristics of their open space activity behavior and open space satisfaction,and their impact on the subjective well-being.The results of the study show that the elderly in cold cities maintain low-to-medium-frequency open space activities in residential areas.The activity period is concentrated after breakfast and lunch break,and the activity time is between half an hour and one hour each time.The activities are based on individuality.The elderly are more satisfied with the location accessibility of the open space in the residential area and children’s play facilities,but are not satisfied with the greening of the plants in the open space.The location accessibility of the open space,sunlight conditions,seat settings,children’s play facilities,plant greening,and public security environment all have a significant impact on the well-being of the elderly,and the seat settings and children’s play facilities have a greater impact.