基于“游戏”理念的城市场所感营造——以阿姆斯特丹游戏场与新巴比伦为例

Creating the Sense of Place from the Perspective of Play:A Case of Amsterdam Playground and New Babylon

二战后城市设计思想发生了重要转变,从国际现代建筑协会(CIAM)倡导的“自上而下”“功能导向”的城市设计方法,转向“自下而上”“情境化”的路径,休闲和玩耍的重要性日渐凸显。本文以赫伊津哈在其著作《游戏的人》中提出的“玩”概念为基础,探讨凡·艾克和康斯坦特设计中的游戏特性,以阿姆斯特丹游戏场及新巴比伦为分析案例,呈现二者在建筑环境中创造的场所或情境,通过各自场所营建与情境建构的方式对比探究场所感营造的异同。由此也可一窥二战后荷兰城市设计的发展脉络。

After the World WarⅡ,urban design thought has undergone an important change from the“top-down”and“functionoriented”approach advocated by CIAM to a“ground-up”and“contextualized”way.The importance of leisure and play has become increasingly prominent.Based on the concept of play by Johan Huizinga proposed in his book Homo Ludens,the paper explores the dialogue between Aldo van Eyck and Constant Nieuwenbuys in art and architecture,theory and practice from 1947.Taking Van Eyck’s playground project in Amsterdam and Constant’s New Babylon as examples,it compares place-making and situation construction between the two cases to explore the similarities and differences in creating a sense of place in the built environment.It also can provide a glimpse into the development of Dutch urban design after the World WarⅡ.