明清山陕祠庙脊刹的形制选择与工法制约研究

Study on the Shape Selection and Construction Method Restriction of Ji Cha in Shaanxi Ancestral Temples in Ming and Qing Dynasties

山陕地区的仿木传统源远流长,涉及塔、墓、焚帛炉等众多对象。屋型脊刹亦是其中一种,拥有历代样本和各地匠作留存,具备扎实的研究基础。本文围绕其探讨了陶塑仿木构件的形制选择,从支撑结构、块面分割和分色原则三方面对比分析了仿木对象与其木结构原型间的同质性与矛盾点,得出结论——屋型脊刹的形制选择和衍化路径同时受到了真实建筑形象的诱导和构件工法的制约,最终呈现的形象是两方平衡的结果。

The tradition of imitating wooden construction has a long history in Shanxi and Shaanxi area,involving towers,tombs,incinerators and other objects.Ji Cha is one of them,with samples of past dynasties and local craftsmen for retention,has solid research foundation.This paper discusses the form selection of the ceramic components imitating wooden construction.From the comparative analysis on supporting structure,block segmentation and color selection design,the paper analyzes the homogeneities and contradictions between objects imitating wooden construction and the prototype.It is concluded that the form selection and evolution path of Ji Cha are both guided by the real architectural image and restricted by the component construction method,and the final image is the result of the balance between the two.