月球南极月基平台选址分析

Potential Moon-Based Platform Sites of Lunar South Polar Regions

针对月球南极的月基平台选址问题,选取表面光照、对地观测条件和坡度作为主要参考因素,评估月表太阳能及热环境条件、科学数据获取能力及构建难度;基于地形数据和日、地、月三者的轨道数据建立的月面光照及月基对地观测一体化几何模型对7个重点区域(M1~M7)开展研究,将光照率大于80%且对地观测率大于30%的月面位置作为月基平台初选区,分析其坡度条件并开展分级评价。研究结果:结合各初选区特点最终推荐了3个优选级较高的月面区域作为选址区,分别位于德·杰拉许(De Gerlache)撞击坑东部边缘(M1内),斯维德鲁普(Sverdrup)撞击坑与沙克尔顿(Shackleton)撞击坑之间的山顶处(M4内),以及Shackleton撞击坑与斯莱特(Slater)撞击坑之间的山顶处(M7内)。该研究可为后续的月球南极探测任务提供参考。

To select a suitable location for a Moon-based platform in the lunar south polar regions,the surface illumination,the Earth observation conditions and the slope are schosen as the main factors,which shows the solar energy and thermal environment on the lunar surface,the ability to obtain scientific data,and difficulty of construction.Based on the topography data and the orbit data of the Sun,the Earth and the Moon,an integrated solar illumination and Earth observation geometric model is established and applied to study seven key areas(M1~M7).The lunar surface positions with the illumination rate greater than 80%and the Earth observation rate greater than 30%are taken as the primary selection area of the Moon-based platform,next,their slope conditions are analyzed and a grading evaluation is carried out.Combined with the characteristics of each primary selected area,three lunar positions with higher optimization level are finally recommended,which are located at the eastern edge of De Gerlache crater(in M1),the mountaintop where Sverdrup crater connects with Shackleton crater(in M4),and the mountaintop between the Shackleton crater and the Slater crater(in M7),and these results will provide reference for the follow-up lunar south polar exploration missions.