基于红外相机技术对武夷山国家公园兽类及鸟类的多样性研究

Biodiversity research of mammals and birds in Wuyishan National Park using infrared cameras

在武夷山国家公园有历史分布记录的众多野生动物中,有部分物种已经多年未见有确凿的野外记录。通过在国家公园范围内布设红外相机,收集红外相机拍摄的图像,并对数据进行处理分析,进一步掌握武夷山国家公园内现有兽类与鸟类多样性及空间分布情况。结果表明,红外相机共记录到野生兽类18种,分属6目12科,其余未能鉴定出具体物种的兽类记录多为小型翼手目、食虫目和啮齿目动物。在记录到的18种野生兽类中,食肉目物种最多,共3科6种;其次是啮齿目共3科5种和偶蹄目3科4种;灵长目1科1种;鳞甲目1科1种和兔形目1科1种。红外相机共记录到鸟类31种,分属6目13科,其余未能鉴定出具体物种的鸟类记录大多为体型较小的雀形目鸟类;在记录到的31种鸟类中,被列为国家一级重点保护野生动物2种,被列为国家二级重点保护野生动物的有5种,有2种被IUCN红色名录评为近危,1种被IUCN红色名录评为易危,根据中国脊椎动物红色名录,有1种被评为濒危,1种被评为近危,2种被评为易危。研究结果可为后续的保护管理规划、长期监测和科研项目提供参考资料,为开展该区生物多样性保护工作提供数据支撑。

For many years,the historical wildlife distribution records in Wuyishan National Park have not been definitively updated from recorded field notes.This study aimed to update information on the biodiversity and spatial distribution of the mammals and birds in the park by collecting images from infrared cameras positioned throughout the park.The data were then processed and analyzed,providing a current record of the park biodiversity.The resulting species list of mammals,recorded using infrared cameras,was classified into 6 orders and 12 families.Of the species recorded,18 have been identified,with the remaining unidentified species belonging mainly to the orders Chiroptera,Insectivora,and Rodentia.The majority of the 18 identified species belonged to the order Carnivora with 6 species from 3 families,followed by Rodentia with 5 species from 3 families;Artiodactyla with 4 species from 3 families;and Primates,Pholidota,and Lagomorpha each with 1 species from 1 family.The cameras recorded 31 species of birds,with 13 species from 6 families.The majority of unidentified species of birds were the small Passeriformes.Of the 31recorded bird species,2 are listed as wildlife under first-class state protection;5 are under second-class state protection;2 are near-threatened and 1 is vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List;and 1 is endangered,1 is near-threatened,and 2 are vulnerable according to the Red List of Vertebrates of China.These results not only update the biodiversity data of Wuyishan National Park but also provide valuable reference material for the park administrators for planning,long-term monitoring and protection of wildlife,and guiding further scientific research.