大蒜种植密度对烟蚜生长发育历期、后代数和繁殖率的影响

Effects of garlic planting density on development duration,offspring number,and reproductive rate of Myzus persicae

为探究大蒜种植密度对烟蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,通过测定大蒜不同种植密度下烟蚜若蚜发育历期、成蚜寿命及其后代数,结果表明,受不同密度大蒜影响后,烟蚜各龄的发育历期、后代数和繁殖率与对照相比有一定影响。特别是烟蚜2~4龄若蚜的总发育历期,随大蒜种植密度的增加而显著延长(P<0.05)。当大蒜种植密度为5株·盆^(-1)时,对2~4龄若蚜发育历期的影响最大,比对照的延长了48.00 h,延长46.15%;当密度为3株·盆^(-1)时,对2~4龄若蚜发育历期的影响居中,比对照延长了29.33 h,延长28.20%;当密度为1株·盆^(-1)时,对2~4龄若蚜发育历期的影响最小,比对照缩短了2.67 h,缩短2.57%。烟蚜1龄、2龄、3龄若蚜发育历期和成蚜寿命与大蒜种植密度间相关性不显著(P>0.05)。但4龄若蚜和2~4龄若蚜发育历期与大蒜种植密度间具显著正相关(P<0.05)。因此,大蒜种植密度能延长烟蚜2~4龄若蚜发育历期,这可能是大田中大蒜能够控制烟蚜的关键原因之一,起到推迟成蚜产蚜起始时间及减少当代烟蚜对作物的危害。研究结果将为利用大蒜防控烟蚜提供科学依据。

To explore the effects of garlic planting density on the growth,development,and reproduction of Myzus persicae,and the effects of different planting densities of garlic on the development duration,adult life span,and offspring number of M.persicae were measured.The total developmental duration of the 2~4th instar nymphs of M.persicae was significantly(P<0.05)prolonged with the increase in garlic planting density.At a planting density of5 plants·pot^(-1),the garlic had the strongest effect on the development duration of the 2~4th instar nymphs of M.persicae,which was 48.00 h longer than that of the control and it was longer(decreased by 46.15%)than that of the control.At a planting density of 3 plants·pot^(-1),the effect on the development duration of the 2~4th instar nymphs was moderate and was 29.33 h longer than that of the control and it was longer(decreased by 28.20%)than that of the control.At a planting density of 1 plant·pot^(-1),the least effect was observed on the development duration of the 2~4th instar nymphs,which was 2.67 h shorter than that of the control and it was shorter(decreased by 2.57%)than that of the control.There was no significant correlation between the duration of the first,second,and third instar nymphs developmental duration or adult life span and garlic planting density(P>0.05).However,there was a significant positive correlation(P<0.05)between garlic planting density and the duration of 4th instar nymph or2~4th instar nymph of M.persicae.Therefore,garlic planting densities can prolong the development duration of 2~4th instar nymphs,which may be one of the key reasons that garlic can control M.persicae reproduction and delay the initiation of the adult aphid phase and reduce the damage by M.persicae to crops.These results will provide a scientific reference for controlling M.persicae using garlic plants in tobacco fields.