中国的边民政策:从碎片化转向体系化

CHINA'S BORDER RESIDENT POLICY:FROM FRAGMENTATION TO SYSTEMIZATION

当代中国的边民政策是在国家发展中逐渐形成的。在这一过程中,根据周边情势和国家发展的现实条件及实际需要,针对边民问题的突出形式和凸显程度,国家先后推出了阶段性特点鲜明的边民政策,其专项性内涵也经历了由潜在到显在、凸显到深化的发展演变过程。但由于已有边民政策并不是从国家边境治理的宏观设计来构建的,通常是以具体问题为指向,并分解到不同政策领域的形式来展开的,由此造成其在政策目标、政策内容、政策对象、政策执行等方面的碎片化特征。今天这种碎片化的边民政策已不能有效适应边境治理的新形势和新要求。相应地推进边民政策的体系化转向,构建形成以边民居边发展和守边固边为统领的体系化边民政策就成为必然选择。

Contemporary China's border resident policy is gradually formed in the national development.In this process,according to the real conditions and practical needs of the surrounding situation and national development,the state has successively launched the border resident policies with distinct characteristics in stages in response to the prominent form and degree of the border residents'problem.Its special connotation has also undergone a development and evolution process from potential to obvious,prominent to deepening.However,since the border resident policy is not constructed from the macro design of national border governance,it is usually oriented to specific issues and decomposed into different policy fields.This has created its fragmented characteristics in terms of policy objectives,policy content,policy objects,and policy implementation.Today,this fragmented border resident policy cannot be effectively adapted to the new situation and new requirements of border governance.Correspondingly,it has become an inevitable choice to promote the systematic turn of the border resident policy,and to form a systematic border resident policy with the development of border dwellings and the protection of borders as the guide.