京族祭祖习俗的延续与变异——以广西东兴市山心村为例

THE CONTINUATION AND VARIATION OF JING PEOPLE'S ANCESTOR WORSHIP CUSTOM:Taking Shanxin Village of Dongxing City in Guangxi As An Example

近些年京族研究的成果层出不穷,但鲜有学者专门研究京族的祭祖习俗。作为我国西南边陲唯一以海为生的少数民族,京族有家祭、墓祭、亭祭三种祭祖形式。家祭和墓祭是“同宗共祖”观念下的同祖共祀,为理想型的祭祖活动,且墓祭的组织形式鲜明地展示了血缘共同体的基本结构。而哈亭的“诸家先灵”之祭祀为异祖共祀,为传统祭祖方式的变异类型,是京族先民根据意识形态模型建构而做出的适当调适,从而使京族地区的祭祖习俗呈现延续和变异的特征。与同祖共祀相比,异祖共祀则侧重于形成横向联盟式的共同体认同。这与京族地区的实际情况是相符合的,有利于当地社会的团结与稳定。

In recent years,the research products on Jing minority are abundant,but few scholars have specialized in studying Jing people's ancestor worship customs.As the only ethnic minority living on the sea along Chinese southwest border,Jing people have three forms of ancestor worship including family sacrifice,tomb sacrifice,and pavilion sacrifice.Family sacrifice and tomb sacrifice are sacrifices to the same ancestors based on the concept of"same clan and common ancestry",which has been the ideal ancestor worship activity,and the organization of tomb sacrifice also clearly demonstrates the basic structure of blood community.However,the ancestor worship of"various ancestors"in Hating is the sacrifice to different ancestors,which is a variation of traditional ancestor worship way,and it is a proper adjustment by the ancestors of Jing people upon the construction of ideological model,which thus leads to the presentation of continuity and variation characteristics of ancestor worship custom in Jing areas.Compared with the sacrifice to same ancestors,the sacrifice to different ancestors focuses on the formation of community identification with horizontal alliance.This matches the actual situation in Jing areas,and is conducive to the unity and stability of local society.