女性人类学视阈下的农村女性“云上工作”研究

A STUDY ON RURAL WOMEN'S CLOUD-BASED WORK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FEMINIST ANTHROPOLOGY

数字媒体技术为中国农村女性提供了新的文化生产和创收途径,对于助推乡村振兴建设、打破城乡二元对立、挖掘乡村价值、乡村去标签化等具有重要的推动作用。但同时这些农村女性的“云上工作”也从直播动机、形象内容呈现、与粉丝的互动、舆论评价等多个层面进一步固化了农村女性在父权制观念下的性别刻板印象。因此,农村女性在“快手”等APP上的直播呈现不能被简单地归为赋权/压制的二元叙事,而应该被视为中国社会转型时期文化观念、政治权力和消费主义等各种力量在女性身上博弈共谋所呈现出的利用—解放、赋权—压制并存的复杂叙事,以期引发学界对新媒体时代农村女主播的权利、地位、身份、角色等方面的反思。

The technology of digital media has provided new cultural production and incomegeneration ways for Chinese rural women,and it is of important promoting function for facilitating the construction of rural revitalization,breaking urban-rural binary opposition,digging out rural values,and de-labeling rural areas.However,at the same time,many rural women's cloud-based work has also further solidified rural women's gender stereotype within patriarchal values in terms of many aspects including the motive of live show,the demonstration of image and content,the interaction with fans,and the public opinion evaluation.The live show demonstration of rural women in APP like Kwai cannot be simply categorized as empowerment/oppression binary narratives,but should be considered as complicated narratives of coexistence of exploitation/liberation and empowerment/oppression when different forces such as cultural ideologies of Chinese social transforming era,political powers,and consumerism play games and roles on women,which brings forth the public'reflections on the rights,statuses,identities,roles,and cultural values of rural female hosts in the new media era.