新自由主义的政策转向与当代墨西哥的印第安人问题

THE POLICY TRANSFORMATION OF NEOLIBERALISM AND THE PROBLEM OF INDIANS IN CONTEMPORARY MEXICO

在经济危机的背景下,墨西哥政府二十世纪八十年代开始推进新自由主义的改革,民族事务治理模式也呈现出从革命民族主义到新自由主义的转变。革命制度党政府承认了多元文化主义的理念,将印第安人定义为市场经济中自由、独立的新自由主义公民。取消了国家社团主义制度下的农业保护政策,自由化、市场化与私有化成为民族政策的重要面向。持续三十余年的新自由主义改革加剧了墨西哥社会的两级分化,造成了印第安人贫困问题的普遍发生。私有化、市场化的改革也严重侵犯了印第安人的基本权益。新自由主义的民族政策违背了公平、正义等多民族共生发展的基本前提,构成了当代墨西哥印第安族群运动新的政治经济基础。

In the context of economic crisis,Mexican government began to promote neoliberal reforms in the 1980s,and its governance model of ethnic affairs thus showed a transition from revolutionary nationalism to neoliberalism.The government of Revolutionary Institutional Party accepted the concept of multiculturalism and defined Indians as free and independent neoliberal citizens in the market economy.The government also cancelled the agricultural protection policy in national corporatist system,and liberalization,marketization,and privatization have become important aspects of ethnic policy.The neoliberal reforms,lasting over 30 years,have intensified the polarization of Mexican society and caused widespread poverty among Indians.Privatization and marketization reforms have also seriously violated the basic rights of Indians.The ethnic policy of neoliberalism has violated such premise for multi-ethnicities'mutualism and development as fairness and justice,forming the new political and economic basis for Indians'ethnic movement in contemporary Mexico.