摘要
近年来,飞机防/除冰问题的研究广受关注。传统的主动防/除冰方式会增加飞机的设计与制造成本,且持续的冷热交替和振动会降低飞机蒙皮材料的使用寿命,存在严重的安全隐患。因此,受自然界动植物的启发,新型被动超疏水防冰技术被广泛讨论与研究,为飞机防/除冰提供了一种低成本、高效、轻量的方法。针对新型被动超疏水防冰材料,综述了近年来防冰材料的超疏水润湿理论的进展;归纳了具有代表性的润湿理论模型,包括杨氏方程、Wenzel理论、Cassie-Baxter理论、接触线理论等;总结了当前广泛应用的防冰材料制备方法,包括刻蚀法、溶胶-凝胶法和气相沉积法等。另外,针对目前国内外的研究热点,进一步阐述了超疏水材料的防冰性能及防冰机理研究,综述了结冰形核和结冰延迟过程中的撞击液滴弹跳动力学、结冰热力学、成相理论、非均匀形核原理、传热理论等机理,以及冰粘附性能的测试评价方法。最后,针对冰层粘附强度的测试标准、不同冰型冰粘附力的区别、剪切力作用下除冰性能涉及的机理等问题进行了展望。
In recent years,the research on aircraft de-icing has attracted much attention.Traditional active anti-icing/deicing methods increase the cost of aircraft designing and manufacturing,accompanying the continuous vibration or cold-hot alternation greatly reduces the service life of aircraft skin materials,which causes serious potential safety hazards.Therefore,inspired by natural plants,the novel passive superhydrophobic anti-icing technology with low coast,high efficiency and light weight,has been widely discussed and studied.In this paper,the latest development of superhydrophobic wetting theory on the new passive superhydrophobic anti-icing material is reviewed.Some typical wetting theory models are summarized,including Young’s equation,Wenzel theory,Cassie-Baxter theory,contact line theory and so on.Some widely used preparation methods,including etching method,sol-gel method and vapor deposition method,are also summarized.In addition,in view of the current domestic and foreign research hot spots,the anti-icing performance and mechanism of aircraft are described in this paper.The mechanism of impact droplet bouncing dynamics,icing thermodynamics,phase theory,heterogeneous nucleation theory,heat transfer theory on icing nucleation and icing delay are reviewed.Furthermore,the test and evaluation methods of icing adhesion performance are also discussed.Finally,some issues is prospected,including the test standards of icing adhesion strength,the differences of icing adhesion between different ice types,the deicing performance under shear force and the corresponding mechanism.
作者
沈一洲
谢欣瑜
陶杰
侯文卿
许杨江山
SHEN Yizhou;XIE Xinyu;TAO Jie;HOU Wenqing;XU Yangjiangshan(College of Materials Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期388-397,共10页
Materials China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51671105,51705244)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20170790)。
关键词
超疏水
润湿理论
结冰延迟
冰粘附性能
防冰机理
superhydrophobic
wetting theory
icing delay
icing adhesion
mechanism of anti-icing