铜镍合金在海水冲刷条件下的腐蚀行为与机理研究进展

Progress in the Study of Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism for Copper-Nickel Alloys under Seawater Erosion Condition

海洋与船舶工程技术的快速发展,对材料的耐蚀性能提出了越来越高的要求。铜镍合金是以镍为主要合金元素、对铜合金进行改性而发展形成的一类铜合金,因呈现银白色金属光泽,故也称为白铜。铜镍合金的耐蚀性优异,且易于塑性加工和焊接,因此在海洋与船舶工程、石油化工等领域得到了非常广泛的应用,尤其是在耐海水冲刷腐蚀方面展现出优异的性能。针对国内外铜镍合金海洋腐蚀的研究现状,分别从材料因素和环境因素2个方面,对铜镍合金在海水冲刷条件下的腐蚀行为规律、影响因素和腐蚀机理进行了综合分析与评述;在此基础上,重点分析指出了耐更苛刻环境合金材料研发工作少、耐蚀机理未形成统一认识、研究手段有待于拓展、缺乏合金构件腐蚀行为研究4个方面的问题,并提出了针对性的建议和解决途径;最后对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

The rapid development of marine and ship engineering technology has put forward higher and higher requirements for the anti-corrosion performance of materials.Copper-nickel alloys are a type of copper alloy mainly modified by nickel element.Due to its silver-white metallic luster,it is also called white copper.Copper-nickel alloys have been widely used in marine and ship engineering,petrochemical industry and other fields,owing to excellent corrosion resistance,good processability and weldability,especially in terms of resistance to seawater erosion.In this paper,according to the research status of marine corrosion of copper-nickel alloys at home and abroad,the corrosion behavior,influencing factors and corrosion mechanism of copper-nickel alloys under seawater erosion condition were reviewed and analyzed from the view point of material and environmental factors respectively.On this basis,the existing problems in this research field were analyzed,four problems were highlighted,including less research and development of more harsh environment resistant alloy materials,no unified understanding of corrosion resistance mechanism,research methods to be expanded,lack of research on corrosion behavior of components,and corresponding suggestions and solutions were proposed.Finally,the future development direction was prospected.