赋名“奥林匹克”: 基于话语生产理论的残奥运动员历史形象演变

Entitled“Olympic”:The Historical Image Evolution of Paralympic Athletes Based on the Discourse Production Theory

基于话语生产理论,探索残奥会历史进程中,作为主体的残奥运动员的形象生成及演变。认为,在残奥会从古德曼的康复训练,到残疾人竞技运动的国际化和扩大化,直至与奥运会并行的过程中,残奥运动员被建构为受尊敬的“凡人”、突破自身“残疾局限性”的“病人”和残奥会上的“超人”。残奥话语体系的演变主导了残奥运动员形象的演变。建议通过社会学研究解构并重建残奥话语体系,消解旧有的残奥运动员形象;注重媒体在残奥话语传播中的特殊作用,塑造并传播更为真实的残奥运动员形象;以教育和休闲丰富残奥话语内涵,让残奥遗产惠及更多的“凡人”,打造真正“包容性的世界”。

Based on the theory of discourse production,the image generation and evolution of the Paralympic athletes as the main body in the historical process of the Paralympic Games are explored.It is believed that in the Paralympic Games from Ludwig Guttmann’s rehabilitation training to the internationalization and expansion of disabled sports,until the parallel with the Olympic Games,Paralympic athletes have been shaped into respected“ordinary people”,“patients”who break through their“disability limitations”and“supermen”in the Paralympic Games.The evolution of the Paralympic discourse system has dominated the evolution of the image of Paralympic athletes.This article suggests that we should conduct more sociological studies to deconstruct and rebuild the Paralympic discourse system,and eliminate the old image of the Paralympic athletes;we should pay attention to the special status of media in the communication of Paralympic discourse,shape and spread more realistic images of Paralympic athletes;we should enrich the connotation of Paralympic discourse with“education”and“leisure”,so that the Paralympic heritage can benefit more“ordinary people”and build a real“inclusive world”.