心脏瓣膜术后患者早期康复运动体验的质性研究

Qualitative research on postoperative early rehabilitation exercise experience in patients with valvular heart disease

目的基于知信行理论了解心脏瓣膜病术后患者参加早期康复运动的真实体验,以期为临床制定干预措施提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,对12例心脏瓣膜病术后患者进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi分析法对资料进行分析。结果共归纳出3个主题和6个亚主题:主题一为知识层面,包括早期运动康复认知水平和早期康复运动技能的掌握2个亚主题;主题二为早期运动康复的信念,包括心理压力和早期运动康复的态度2个亚主题;主题三为支持系统,包括家庭支持不足和专业团队技术支持不足2个亚主题。结论心脏瓣膜病术后患者有复杂的早期康复运动体验,提示医护人员应针对患者病情、运动体验及个性化的评估,制定有针对性早期运动康复干预方案,促进患者早日康复。

Objective To participate in early rehabilitation exercises based on the theory of knowledge,belief,behavior,understanding of the true experience of patients with valvular disease after surgery,in order to provide references for clinical intervention measures.Methods Purpose sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 postoperative patients with valvular heart disease,the interview data were transcribed and summarized using Colaizzi analysis to refine the theme.Results A total of 3 themes and 6 sub-themes were summarized.Theme 1 was the knowledge level,including 2 sub-themes:the cognitive level of early sports rehabilitation and the mastery of early rehabilitation sports skills.Theme 2 was the belief in early sports rehabilitation,including 2 sub-themes of psychological stress and attitudes towards early sports rehabilitation.Theme 3 was the support system,including 2 sub-themes of insufficient family support and insufficient professional team technical support.Conclusion Patients with heart valve disease have complex early rehabilitation exercise experience,it is reminded that medical staff should evaluate the patients′condition,exercise experience and personalized assessment,develop targeted early sports rehabilitation intervention programs to promote the early recovery of patients.