马克思“资本”范畴中国化的基本进程与启示

Centennial Process and Enlightenment of The Sinicization of Marx's "Capital" Category

“资本”范畴是马克思理解资本主义社会的一把钥匙,也是建设尚未“消灭了资本”的社会主义中国的理论依据。但是,源于与“剥削”“私有制”等的密切相关性,马克思资本范畴的中国化进程并不顺利。从列宁对“资本”与社会主义的兼容性分析到毛泽东对“资本”种类的两分,再到新中国成立后对“资本”范畴的狭隘化解读、改革开放之后资本范畴向生产要素维度“回归”,至十八大以后对资本范畴的总体性把握,我们对资本范畴的探索虽然历经了一些曲折,但总体上来看,是一个持续创新与丰富的过程。对资本范畴的百年演进进行总结与反思,对于正确认识与把握资本、推动资本有序发展具有重要意义。

The category of"capital"is not only a key for Marx to understand the capitalist society,but also the theoretical basis for building a socialist China that has not"eliminated capital".However,due to the close correlation with"Exploitation"and"private ownership",the Sinicization process of Marx's capital category is not smooth.From Lenin's affirmation of the category of"capital"to Mao Zedong's dichotomy of the category of"capital",to the narrow interpretation of the category of"capital"after the founding of new China,to the"return"of the category of capital to the dimension of factors of production after reform and opening up,to the overall grasp of the category of capital after the 18th National Congress,although our exploration of the category of capital has experienced some twists and turns,on the whole,it is a process of continuous innovation and enrichment.Summarizing and reflecting on the Centennial evolution of the category of capital is of great significance to correctly understand and grasp capital and promote the orderly development of capital.