延迟退休政策:美日经验与中国道路

Delayed Retirement Policy:Experience of the United States and Japan and China's Road

为了应对我国日益严峻的人口老龄化问题,充分挖掘中高龄老年人力资源以及确保社会保障制度可持续发展,延迟退休政策被提上日程。由于受人口、社会与经济等背景的影响,美日两国的退休制度呈现出改革阶段性、操作差异性、配套措施因地制宜等特点。从社会政策角度来看,现行退休政策、养老金制度、劳动力市场政策等与延迟退休政策的实行存在诸多矛盾;从社会环境角度来看,人口结构、产业结构、就业市场主体与延迟退休政策的实行存在多重挑战;从劳动者个人角度来看,劳动者个人及其心理与延迟退休政策的实行存在身体受损、社会抵触等问题。推动延迟退休政策合法化,必须加大社会政策引导,优化社会环境,增强政府、企业和劳动者三者利益协同化。

In order to cope with the increasingly severe problems of aging population in China,fully tap the middle-aged and elderly human resources and ensure the sustainable development of social security system,the delayed retirement policy is put into the agenda.Due to the influence of population,society and economy,the retirement systems in The United States and Japan are characterized by phased reform,different operation,and supporting measures adapted to local conditions.From the perspective of social policy,there are many contradictions between the current retirement policy,pension system and labor market policy and the implementation of delayed retirement policy.From the perspective of social environment,there are multiple challenges in population structure,industrial structure,main body of employment market and the implementation of delayed retirement policy.From the perspective of individual workers,individual workers and their psychology and the implementation of delayed retirement policy have physical damage,social conflicts and other problems.To promote the legalization of delayed retirement policy,we must strengthen the guidance of social policies,optimize the social environment,and enhance the synergy of interests among government,enterprises and workers.