1990-2018年云南星云湖流域景观格局时空演变特征研究

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Landscape Patterns of Xingyun Lake Basin in Yunnan Province from 1990 to 2018

为探究星云湖流域景观格局演变对流域可持续发展和生态安全的影响,采用监督分类和目视解译相结合的方法,建立7类景观类型,提取流域类景观指数,分析星云湖流域1990—2018年的景观格局时空演变特征。结果表明:2010—2015年星云湖流域湿地综合景观类型动态度最大。1990—2018年星云湖流域湿地与非湿地之间转换较为明显,湿地转换为非湿地的面积为152.26 hm^(2),人工湿地转换为耕地的面积为91.44 hm^(2)。香农多样性指数(SHDI)、均匀度指数(SHEI)均呈增加趋势,表明研究区景观斑块数上升,景观整体破碎化加聚。湖泊湿地和林地斑块连接程度较好,破碎化程度较轻。星云湖流域景观类型利用变化受人类活动的影响显著,湿地资源受社会经济发展的影响更强烈,规划基于保护的社区经济发展项目和联合参与式保护的社区共管项目可促进流域湿地资源的可持续发展。

Exploring the evolution of landscape patterns in Xingyun Lake basin is of great significance to the sustainable development and ecological security of the basin.By combining supervised classification and visual interpretation,7 landscape types were defined for determining the landscape indices of the watershed,and the temporal and spatial changes of landscape patterns in Xingyun lake basin from 1990 to 2018 were characterized.The results showed that the extent of dynamic changes of comprehensive wetland landscape types in Xingyun Lake was the largest from 2010 to 2015.From 1990 to 2018,the conversion between wetland and non wetland in Xingyun Lake basin was obvious.The area from wetland to non wetland was 152.26 hm^(2),and the area from constructed wetland to cultivated land was 91.44 hm^(2).Shannon diversity index(SHDI)and evenness index(SHEI)showed an increasing trend,indicating that the number of landscape patches in the study area increased and the overall landscape fragmentation increased.The patches of lake wetland and forest land are well connected,indicating a slight fragmentation.The change of landscape types due to utilization in Xingyun Lake basin was significantly affected by human activities,and the wetland resources were more strongly affected by social and economic development.Planning community economic development projects based on protection and community co-management projects with joint participatory protection can promote the sustainable development of wetland resources in the basin.