无人船在近浅海水下考古领域的工程实践

A practical application of unmanned surface vehicle in the field of underwater archeology in the shallow water

以无人船在我国某近浅海水下考古项目中的工程实践为样本,探讨无人船在典型水下浅埋不连续小目标探测任务中的施工方式设计方法以及优势和不足。本项目中一艘搭载条带探测设备的母船与两艘搭载参量阵浅地层剖面仪的无人船协同作业,母船进行大区域扫测,发现疑似目标后现场操作人员控制无人船对目标进行加密测量、精细探测,为水下目标的甄别提供更准确、丰富的参考数据。实践证明,该施工方法优势在于充分利用无人船对声学设备航行扰动弱、循线精度高、通过性好的优势,提高了作业效率、增大了现场可探测范围、提高了水下目标的探测准确性,不足之处在于受现阶段设备操作方式的限制,现场仍需根据设备数量投入较多的操作人员。

This article takes the engineering practice of Unmanned Surface Vehicle(USV)in an underwater archeology project in the shallow water of china as an example to discuss the advantages,disadvantages.A master ship equipped with strip detection equipment cooperates with two USVs equipped with parametric array in sub bottom profile system.When a suspected target is found by the master ship that is scanning a large area,the operator controls the USV to conduct fine detection of the target.It will provides more accurate and rich reference data for the identification of underwater targets.Practice has proved that this construction method makes full use of the advantages of the USV’s weak disturbance to acoustic equipment,high tracking accuracy and good passability,which improves the operation efficiency,increases the detection range,and improves the detection accuracy of underwater targets.The disadvantage is that due to the limitation of the operation mode of the equipment at this stage,it is still necessary to invest more operators on the site according to the number of equipment.