基于组合震源编码的多尺度全波形反演方法

Multi-scale full waveform inversion method using combined source encoding

全波形反演(full waveform inversion,FWI)是目前精度最高的一种速度反演工具,通过迭代反演得到高精度的地下构造,为叠前成像技术提供更准确的速度场,满足目前勘探开发日益复杂的需求。但FWI需要估计精确的震源子波,而从野外采集的地震数据提取子波是非常困难的,此外,反演过程中,模型参数与观测数据存在强的非线性关系,容易产生周波跳跃现象。针对中低波数反演过程中存在周波跳跃现象与地震子波难提取的问题,本文构建了一种基于组合震源的多尺度波形反演方法。首先对子波和地震数据进行时移组合叠加,再进行互相关梯度求取,只需要一次逆时偏移的计算量,就可以完成梯度的求取,实现多尺度反演的目标。通过模型试算,基于组合震源的FWI方法,可以达到多尺度反演的目的,使得反演结果更稳定;与不依赖子波的方法相结合,反演结果相对准确。

Full waveform inversion(FWI)is one of the most accurate velocity inversion tools.It can be used to obtain high-precision subsurface structures through iterative inversion and provide a more accurate velocity field for prestack imaging technology,thus satisfying the increasingly complex demand for petroleum exploration and development.However,FWI requires accurately estimated source wavelets,which are very difficult to extract from the seismic data collected in the field.Furthermore,in the inversion process,there is a strong nonlinear relationship between model parameters and observed data,which is liable to induce cycle skipping.To overcome the cycle skipping and the difficulty in extracting seismic wavelets in the inversion process of medium-low wavenumber,this paper developed a multi-scale waveform inversion method using combined source encoding.Specifically,the wavelets and seismic data were combined by applying time-shift stacking,and gradients can be determined through only one calculation of reverse time migration.According to the calculation results using a model,the FWI method using combined source encoding can be used to achieve multi-scale inversion and obtain more stable inversion results.Meanwhile,relatively accurate inversion results can be obtained by combining this method with a source-independent method.