中国特色政策试点制度的突出问题与完善路径

Prominent Issues of Chinese-style Policy Experiments and Pathway for Improvement

作为中国共产党治国理政的重要方式,中国特色政策试点制度不仅帮助中国顺利地完成了由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的过渡,而且推动实现了40余年的高速增长奇迹。但中国特色政策试点制度在运行过程中,也存在着一些突出问题,具体表现在“择易事、避难题”,“厚经济、薄民生”,“重形式、轻内容”,“追长期、弃短期”,对我国未来高质量发展形成了阻碍。这些突出问题植根于更深层次的体制机制障碍,包括央地利益与风险分担机制、多任务绩效考核、相对绩效考核和任期考核制度的不完善。为优化中国特色政策试点制度,需要充分结合“底层创新”与“顶层设计”两种试点运行模式。根据改革的协调成本、对地方信息的依赖程度、央地利益的一致性、收益成本期限的一致性等对改革问题进行“分层分类”,从而充分发挥“底层创新”与“顶层设计”的不同优势,推动高质量发展。

The mode of Chinese-style policy experiment has helped China complete the transition from a planned economic system to a socialist market economy system, and achieve more than 40 years of rapid growth as an important governance method for the CPC. However, some of the prominent issues have not been solved in a satisfactory manner, which has hindered the future high-quality development of China. The specific manifestations include “choosing easy things but avoiding difficult problems”, “focusing on economy, not livelihood ”, “emphasizing form but not content”, “pursuing long-term issues but abandoning short-term ones”. These prominent issues are rooted in the institutional barriers of the traditional policy experiments, including the imperfection in benefit and risk sharing mechanisms between the central and local governments, multi-task performance assessment, relative performance assessment and tenure assessment systems. In order to improve the Chinese-style policy experiments, it is necessary to fully combine the “grassroots innovation” and “top-level design”. Reform issues should be “stratified and classified” based on its degree of reliance on local information, the consistency of central and local interests, and the consistency of benefit-cost period. Different policy experiments modes should be used to deal with different reform issues, so as to give full play to “grassroots innovation” and “top-level design”, in order to realize the steady deepening of the reform of China’s socialist market economy and promote high-quality development.