以写作为媒介:基层传播与群众写作运动——以晋冀鲁豫根据地李文波营长写作为例

Writing as a Medium:People’s Communication and People’s Writing Movement——Taking Li Wenbo’s Writing in the JinJiLuYu Border Region as an Example

群众写作运动是根据地时期常见的一种群众教育和文化动员模式。写作作为五四新文化运动以来高度理性化、知识分子化的行为,在根据地的文化实践中被转换为一种群众化和大众化的教育方式。本文以晋冀鲁豫根据地《人民日报》中关于李文波营长的写作报道为例,分析群众写作运动的传播机制和社会效应,主要处理三个问题:一是写作对主体的改造,涉及写作主体、写作规范和写作塑造群众主体的文化功能;二是群众写作对新闻生产的改造,以群众写稿为基础的基层通讯员制度让报纸成为参与式和互动性的平台化媒体;三是写作对基层社会的改造,写作承担着基层传播的职能,是对基层社会进行动员和宣传的媒介。这种在基层广泛开展的群众写作运动,需要借助大量“逆向流动”的在地化知识分子和高度基层化的媒介等组织传播的制度才能实现,考察这一现象有助于理解“全党办报”“群众办报”党报原则形成的历史经验。

The people’s writing movement was a common mode of education and cultural mobilization in the JinJiLuYu Border Region.As a highly rational and intellectualized behavior,writing has been transformed into a popular education method.This article takes the Li Wenbo’s writing in the People’s Daily as an example to analyze the communication mechanism and social effects of the people’s writing movement,and mainly deal with three issues.First,writing could transform the subject,involving norms and culture.second,writing could transform news production,and the grassroots correspondent system made newspapers a participatory and interactive platform.The third is writing could transform and mobilize grassroots society.The people’s writing movement relied on the localization of intellectuals and the media system.Investigating this phenomenon is helpful to understand the history of the formation of“Running Newspapers by the Whole Party”and“Running Newspapers by the People”.