脑原位成像的小分子荧光探针研究进展

Research progress of small-molecule fluorescent probes for in situ brain imaging

大脑是中枢神经系统的主要组成部分,具有极为复杂的结构和功能。大脑中的生物活性分子,包括活性氧、活性硫、蛋白质等,在大脑生理病理过程中发挥着重要作用。实时、原位检测脑内生物活性分子对于脑疾病(包括脑血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和脑肿瘤等)的预防、早期诊断及有效治疗具有重要意义。小分子荧光探针因具有结构可调,良好的生物相容性及快速原位成像等优势而被广泛用于生命系统中活性分子的实时检测。在这篇综述中,重点介绍用于脑原位成像的小分子荧光探针的设计思路及应用进展,并探讨该领域面临的挑战与发展方向。

Brain is the main component of the central nervous system,which has an extremely complex structure and function.Bioactive molecules in the brain,including reactive oxygen species,reactive sulfur species,proteins,etc.,play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the brain.Real-time and in situ detection of bioactive molecules in the brain is of great significance for the prevention,early diagnosis and effective treatment of brain diseases(including cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors,etc.).Small-molecule fluorescent probes are widely used for real-time detection of active molecules in living systems due to their tunable structures,good biocompatibility,and in situ imaging.In this review,we focus on the design ideas and application progress of small-molecule fluorescent probes for in situ brain imaging,and discuss the challenges and development directions in this field.