生物质基刺激响应型水凝胶研究进展

Research Progress of Biomass-based Stimulus-responsive Hydrogels

刺激响应型水凝胶是一种快速发展的新型功能高分子新材料,该水凝胶可以主动感受外部环境的差异,并以体积的溶胀或收缩等特定的方式将其感受到的变化反映到外界,在生活和生产的众多领域中显示出巨大的应用潜力。生物质原料作为可再生的自然资源,近年来已被广泛应用于制备刺激响应型水凝胶,特别是随着可控/活性聚合、点击化学、动态共价键、超分子自组装、超分子聚集态调控等分子工程技术的快速发展和应用,能在一定程度上克服生物质大分子本身的结构缺陷,构筑出含有生物质原料分子独特结构的刺激响应型水凝胶,并促进了生物质利用的新型绿色合成策略、多功能化技术、简单模块化的合成工艺、现代生物技术等技术的发展。本文从刺激响应型水凝胶的刺激响应方法和类型出发,分别介绍了温度响应型、酸碱响应型、光响应型、电响应型、磁响应型和多重响应型6种类型水凝胶,重点阐述了生物质原料独特分子结构对刺激响应型水凝胶性能的影响机制,总结了不同环境响应型生物质基水凝胶在药物控释、生物组织工程、生物传感器、吸附材料、细胞培养和抗菌材料等方面的应用,并展望其未来发展方向。

Stimulus-responsive hydrogels,as a new class of functional polymer materials,can actively sense the difference of the external environment and reflect the change to the outside world by specific ways such as swelling or contraction,and show a great application potential in many fields of life and production.As a renewable natural resources,biomass has been widely applied in the preparation of stimulus-responsive hydrogels in recent years.Particularlly for rapid development of engineering technology and applications,including controllable/active polymerization and click chemistry,dynamic covalent bond,supramolecular self-assembly and super molecular aggregation state regulatory molecules,etc,is able to overcome the instrisic structure defects of biomass macromolecule to a certain extent,and fabricate the stimulus-responsive hydrogels containing unique molecular structure of biomass raw materials,which promoted the development of new green synthesis strategies,multi-functional technology,simple modular synthesis technology,modern biotechnology and other technologies.Based on the stimulus-responsive methods and types of stimulus-responsive hydrogels,this paper assembles six types of hydrogels,including temperature response,acid-base response,light response,electric response,magnetic response and multiple response and highlights the effect of the unique molecular structure of biomass raw materials on the performance of the stimulus-responsive hydrogels.Also,the applications of biomass-based hydrogels with different environmental responses in the fields of drug controlled release,biological tissue engineering,biosensors,adsorption materials,cell culture and antibacterial materials were summarized,and the future development direction of biomass-based hydrogels was prospected.