CL-20基压装炸药结构成型载体的设计及其应用

Design and Application of CL-20-based Pressed Explosives Structure Forming Carrier

为了提高六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)在制备、使用、贮存等过程中的安全性,通过实验和理论相结合的方法进行了CL-20基压装炸药结构成型载体设计和应用研究;采用原位温升X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)实验开展了不同高分子聚合物对ε-CL-20晶型转变的影响规律研究;借助表面接触、黏附、润湿等理论测定不同高分子聚合物表面张力及其有关分量,并计算了ε-CL-20/高分子聚合物的界面参数;依据固-固晶变机理和ε-CL-20/高分子聚合物的界面参数,构建了一种CL-20基压装炸药结构成型载体,以顺丁橡胶(BR)为主体,复配三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和钝感剂蜡,通过力学性能、安全性能实验优选了BR与EPDM和胶与蜡比例。结果表明,在BR与EPDM质量比3∶1、胶与蜡质量比0.6的条件下,采用该结构成型载体的CL-20基压装温压炸药(52%CL-20/32%Al/10%AP/6%黏结剂)撞击感度8%,摩擦感度10%,药柱相对密度≥96.0%,且其力学性能优异,能够满足实际应用要求。

To enhance the safety of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)in preparation,application and storage,the design and application for the structure-forming carrier of CL-20-based pressed explosives were studied by experimental and theoretical methods.The effect of different polymers on the polymorphic transformation ofε-Cl-20 was investigated by the in-situ X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The surface tension and the tension-related components of various polymers were determined by surface contact,adhesion and wetting theories.Moreover,the interface parameters ofε-Cl-20/polymer were also calculated.According to the mechanism of solid-solid polymorphic transformation and the interface parameters ofε-Cl-20/polymer,a structure-forming carrier of CL-20-based pressed explosives was prepared,which was mainly composed of cis-butadiene rubber(BR),compounded with ethylene-propylene-diene rubber(EPDM)and desensitizer wax.The ratios of BR to EPDM and binder to wax were optimized through mechanical properties and safety performance experiments.The results show that,under the condition that the mass ratio of BR to EPDM is 3∶1 and binders to wax is 0.6,the CL-20-based pressed thermobaric explosive(52%Cl-20/32%Al/10%AP/6%binder)has an impact sensitivity of 8%,friction sensitivity of 10%,relative density≥96.0%and exhibits excellent mechanical properties,which can meet the requirements of practical application.