影响博物馆观众共情的因素研究

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Empathy of Museum Audience

博物馆观众的共情研究对满足观众需求、实现博物馆教育目的具有重要的推动作用。以江苏省江海博物馆为案例,通过访谈和应用扎根理论提炼影响博物馆观众共情的重要因素并构建因素模型。研究发现,影响博物馆观众共情的因素分为两大类:一类是博物馆因素,包括构建的情景化、展览的藏品、展览中的技术运用;另一类是个人因素,包括观众预先的经验或了解、换位思考。上述研究结论不仅有助于增加对观众情感体验的理解,并为博物馆设计者在藏品展览、陈列设计等方面提供指导和建议。

The research on museum audience’empathy plays an important role in meeting the needs of museum audience and realizing the goal of museum education.Taking Jiangsu Jianghai Museum as a case study,this paper extracts the important factors that affect museum audience’empathy and constructs a factor model by interviewing and applying grounded theory.It is found that the factors affecting the empathy of museum audience can be divided into two categories.One is museum factors,including the situational construction,objects on display,and the application of technology in the exhibition.The other is personal factors,including audience’prior experience or understanding,perspective-taking.The above research results not only help to increase the understanding of audience’emotional experience,but also provide guidance and suggestions for museum designers in the exhibition,display design and other aspects.