多重视角下的中国古代史学史研究

Research on the History of Ancient Chinese Historiography from Multiple Perspectives

考察中国古代史学史,必须要有大历史视角。这种大历史视角主要有以下四个方面的表现:一是政治史视角,具体考察王朝更替与以史为鉴、王朝建立与神意史观、政治危机与以史资政、国家统一与大一统观之间的关联,揭示史学与王朝政治的联动关系;二是四部学视角,虽然中国古代学术存在着经史子集四部分类,但四部之间是相互包含、相互影响的,经子集在史学思想、历史编纂以及史料采撰等方面都对古代中国史学有着重要的影响,必须考察经子集与史之间的密切关系;三是多民族视角,古代中国的历史是多民族的历史,古代中国的史学是多民族的史学,古代中国的史学史也应该是多民族的史学史,构建“完整”的中国史学史是我们今后努力的方向;四是中西比较视角,主要从学术地位、编纂特点、记述范围、求真理念、功用认识和学科特点诸方面,具体考察古代中西史学存在的差异,进而揭示中国古代史学史的民族特点。

It is necessary to embrace a grand historical perspective for those who study ancient Chinese historiography. This grand historical perspective is mainly manifested in the following four aspects. First is the perspective of political history, which specifically examines the relationship between dynasty replacement and the use of history as a guide,the establishment of dynasties and the divine historical view,political crises and the use of history for politics,and the unification of the country and the concept of grand unification,all of which reveal the linkage between historiography and dynastic politics. Second is the perspective of the four-category thought. The four categories of jing(classics), shi(history), zi(philosophy),and ji(literary collections) are often mutually inclusive and mutually influenced,and the four categories have an important influence on ancient Chinese historiography in terms of historiographical thought,historical compilation,collections of historical materials,and etc. The close relationship between the collection of classics and history must be examined. The third is the multi-ethnic perspective. The history of ancient China is a multi-ethnic history,the hsitoriography of ancient China is a multi-ethnic historiography, and the history of ancient Chinese historiography should also be a multi-ethnic historiography. Constructing a “complete and inclusive” Chinese historiography is the direction of our future efforts. The fourth is a comparative perspective between China and foreign countries,mainly from the aspects of academic status, historiographical characteristics, narrative scopes, objectivity pursuit,functional understanding and disciplinary characteristics. By comparing and contrasting ancient Chinese and Western historiography,we can reveal the national characteristics of ancient Chinese historiography.