美国自然历史博物馆MAT教师培训项目研究及启示

Research on MAT Teacher Training Program at the American Museum of Natural History and its Inspiration

社会教育机构参与教师培训已经成为当今世界教师教育改革和发展的重要趋势。在历史、现实和政策等多重因素的综合推动下,美国自然历史博物馆依托馆内丰富的科学教育资源与当地公立中学合作开展MAT(Master of Arts in Teaching)教师培训项目。该项目以馆校合作的方式完善科学教师的专业发展,强调非正式学习环境下多学科知识的融合,重视培训内容的理论化和实践性以及邀请第三方进行科学、独立的项目评估。我国要不断拓展社会教育机构的职能,开阔人才培养的视野;加强馆校合作的顶层设计,促进场馆教师培训的制度化;采用非正式的教学方法,促进场馆资源有效利用;构建科学的培训评估体系以促进教师培训质量的提高。

The participation of social education institutions in teacher training has become an important trend of teacher education reform and development in the world.Driven by multiple factors such as history,reality and policy,relying on the rich science education resources in the museum,the American Museum of Natural History cooperates with local public middle schools to carry out MAT(Master of Arts in Teaching)teacher training program.The project improves the professional development of science teachers by means of museum-school cooperation,emphasizes the integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge in the informal learning environment,attaches importance to the theorization and practicality of training content,and invites a third party to conduct scientific and independent project evaluation.China should strengthen the top-level design of museum-school cooperation and improve the museum teacher training system;Continuously expand the functions of social education institutions and broaden the vision of talent training;Adopt informal teaching methods to promote efficient use of museum resources;Build a scientific training evaluation system to promote the improvement of teacher training quality.