锂金属电池固态电解质材料研究进展

Progress of Solid Electrolyte Materials in Lithium Metal Batteries

固态锂金属电池具有高的比能量和安全性能,但是其核心材料,固态电解质存在界面阻抗较大,离子电导率较低等问题,成为束缚固态锂金属电池应用的瓶颈所在,也是目前众多研究人员持续攻关的重要方向。固态电解质材料虽然在室温下离子电导率已经突破10^(-3) S/cm,但是长循环过程中产生的内部微裂纹导致界面阻抗变大和机械性能变差,这些缺点仍然束缚着固态电池的大规模应用。目前固态电解质材料发展方向较多,各种材料的应用前景不同,系统的归纳梳理了不同固态电解质材料的研究进展,并对不同的固态电解质材料的应用前景进行了分析展望,并着重的对能够结合无机固态电解质的高电导率和有机电解质材料低界面阻抗的机无机复合电解质材料进行介绍,该种材料在高温60℃下已经实现10^(-3) S/cm的高离子电导率。复合聚合物电解质材料的应用主要受限于常温较低的锂离子电导率,一旦复合聚合物电解质材料突破常温下低的离子电导率难题,该种材料一定能够快速的应用,并最终解决人们对电池续航和安全的焦虑。

Solid metal batteries had high energy density and safety properties,but the solid electrolyte,as the most important materials,was restricted because of the large interface resistance and the low ionic conductivity.This problem restricted the practical application of solid metal batteries and attracted researchers to conquer.Although the ionic conductivity was increased to 10^(-3) S/cm,the interface resistance and the mechanical properties deteriorated during a long cycle,which restricted the application of the electrolyte.There are many directions of solid electrolyte materials and theirs future application were different.In this review,different kinds of the solid electrolyte materials were systematically summarized,especially for the composite polymer electrolyte.The composite polymer electrolyte,containing the high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength,combined the advantages of inorganic solid electrolytes and organic electrolyte materials.The ionic conductivity of this composite materials was about 10^(-3) S/cm at 60℃,and the defect restricted the practical application of this materials was the low ionic conductivity at room temperature.While the composite polymer electrolyte overcome the defect of the low temperature conductivity,it would be widely used in many fields and solve the battery life and safety in the future.