人与自然关系生态重构的三种方案

Three schemes for ecological reconstruction of the relationship between human and nature

人与自然关系在发展过程中经历了依存关系、认识关系与实践关系的演变,但二者并未在平等融合的基础上达到真正的和谐共生,社会进步与生态保护之间的矛盾使人与自然的发展都陷入危机,对人与自然关系进行生态化重构就成为解决危机的关键。对此,高兹提倡以生态理性取代经济理性以规范人类活动,推动人与自然友好互动。拉图尔对人与自然二元分离的思维图式进行了反思,以“盖娅”概念重构多元包容的自然形象,推动人类重回自然整体。生态文明理念在马克思主义自然观的基础上,从社会发展模式入手,坚持“自然—人—社会”融合统一的整体立场,从“生命共同体”走向“人类命运共同体”,将人与自然关系的生态重构推向全球,推动人与自然走向和谐共生。这些理论为人与自然关系的生态重构提供方案的同时,也启发生态美学以生态维度为审美活动设限,最终推动人类发展与生态文明建设相映生辉。

In the process of development,the relationship between human and nature undergoes the evolution of interdependent relationship,cognitive relationship and practical relationship,but human and nature don’t achieve true harmonious symbiosis on the basis of equal integration.The contradiction between social progress and ecological protection makes the development of both human and nature fall into crisis,and the ecological reconstruction of the relationship between human and nature becomes the key to solve the crisis.In this regard,Goetz advocates replacing the economic reason with the ecological reason to regulate human activities and promote the friendly interaction between human and nature.Latour reflects on the thinking schema of the dual separation of human and nature,and reconstructs the diverse and inclusive image of nature with the concept of"Gaia",promoting human to return to the whole nature.The idea of ecological civilization is based on Marxist view of nature,and advocates the overall position of the integration and unity of nature,human,and society from the perspective of the social development mode.The idea of ecological civilization develops from"community of life"to"community of shared future for mankind",bringing the ecological reconstruction of the relationship between human and nature to the whole world.These theories not only provide schemes for the ecological reconstruction of the relationship between human and nature,but also inspire the ecological aesthetics to set limits to some extent on the aesthetic activities in the ecological dimension,and ultimately promote human development and ecological civilization construction to complement each other.