有机磷毒剂的电化学传感研究进展

Advances in electrochemical sensor toward organophosphorus agent

有机磷毒剂是一类含磷(膦)酸或磷(膦)酸酯类高毒有机物及其衍生物的统称,能破坏正常神经传导,造成神经系统损伤,在军事行动和农业生产等方面的非常规使用给人类生存发展带来了严重威胁。电化学传感技术以其设备简便、灵敏度高、响应速度快等优点展现了实地传感有机磷毒剂的巨大潜力。总结了近几年有机磷毒剂的电化学传感相关研究报道,依据检测原理差异性将其分为4类:直接检测法、电化学酶法、电化学免疫法和电化学发光法。分析了各种方法的检测机理和优缺点;介绍了不同传感方法对工作电极修饰材料的要求;比较了不同电极修饰材料对方法检出限和线性范围的影响;阐述了电化学与生物技术结合检测有机磷毒剂的研究进展。电化学酶法和电化学免疫法具备选择性好和适用范围宽等优点,进而提出了纳米酶、纳米抗体和多维修饰材料结合传感检测含磷毒剂的新思路。

Organophosphorus(OPs)agent,which is a class of highly toxic substances containing phosphoric acid,phosphonate and its derivatives,can destroy the normal nerve conduction,pose great threats to the human community and environment with its martial and agricultural abuse.In this paper,electrochemistry and its combination with other techniques reported recently for organophosphorus agent detection have been classified into as following four kinds based on the differentiated sensing mechanisms:direct analysis method,electrochemically enzymatic method,electrochemical immunoassay and electrochemiluminescence method.Detection processes,merits and demerits of different methods were introduced,analyzed and compared.Furtherly,the requirements of bare electrode modified materials of diverse detection methods were put forward and the detection limits and linear ranges of different methods influenced by modified materials were compared.Combination of electrochemistry with biotechnology such as electrochemically enzymatic method and electrochemical immunoassay method in the detection of organophosphorus agent possess more advantages.Combining nano-enzyme,nano-antibody with multi-dimensional modified nanomaterials for sensing organophosphorus agent was proposed.