半球谐振陀螺星载惯性测量单元设计与实现

Design and implementation of inertial measurement unit for satellites based on hemispherical resonant gyroscopes

半球谐振陀螺是一种新型固体振动陀螺,具备功耗低、寿命长、稳定性高等特点,可完美适应卫星的姿态控制。针对微小卫星应用需求,利用半球谐振陀螺构建了星载惯性测量单元。首先,通过测量单元硬件结构设计,对其内部空间进行优化,并通过力学特性及力学试验仿真分析,验证其机械可靠性。其次,针对微小卫星应用环境优化半球谐振陀螺电路设计,提高惯性测量单元可靠性。最后,力学环境试验结果表明,三轴半球谐振陀螺的零偏稳定性均优于0.1°/h,敏感器件满足标度因数非线性度≤500ppm和零偏稳定性≤0.1°/h(1σ)的要求,实现了满足微小卫星应用需求的低成本、小体积、高可靠的半球谐振陀螺星载惯性测量单元。

Hemispherical resonance gyroscope(HRG) is a new type of solid vibration gyro, with the characteristics of low power consumption, long service life and high stability, which can perfectly adapt to the attitude control of satellites. To meet the requirements of microsatellites application, HRGs are used to construct the inertial measurement unit(IMU) for satellites. Firstly, the hardware structure of the IMU is designed to optimize its internal space, and the mechanical reliability is verified by mechanical characteristics and mechanical test simulation analysis. Secondly, the circuits are optimized for microsatellite application environment to improve the reliability of the IMU. Finally, the results of mechanical environment test show that the zero-bias stability of the HRG on three axes are all better than 0.1 °/h, besides, the sensitive device meets the demands that the nonlinearity of scale factor is lower than 500ppm and the zero bias stability is lower than 0.1°/h(1σ). In conclusion, a low-cost, small volume and high reliable IMU for satellites based on HRGs is completed to meet the needs of small satellite applications.