实尺度船舶Z形操纵运动及流场特性模拟

Simulation of zigzag maneuver and flow field characteristics for full-scale ship

[目的]为了更加真实地预报船舶操纵性能,有必要进行实船操纵运动直接模拟。[方法]首先,基于重叠网格技术进行实船拖航、配套螺旋桨敞水和实船自航计算,并将计算结果与试验结果进行对比;然后,在此基础上开展实尺度船舶的10/10标准Z形操纵运动模拟,分析船舶操纵运动过程中的船舶运动、水动力、流场及涡结构变化。[结果]自航结果表明,所提数值方法可靠;受螺旋桨尺度效应的影响,扭矩系数会有所减小;在操舵过程中,船舶运动姿态较为剧烈;受到船-舵系统干扰,桨后涡结构较为复杂,且随着漂角的变化会产生一定角度的偏移。[结论]采用所提数值方法进行实船操纵运动模拟,可以准确获得船舶运动、水动力特性及流场信息,能作为一种有效的前期评估手段,从而为船舶设计提供参考。

[Objective]In order to forecast a ship’s maneuverability more realistically, it is necessary to conduct the direct simulation of the full-scale ship’s maneuver. [Methods]In this paper, based on overset grid technology, calculations of the full-scale ship towing, supporting propeller open water and full-scale ship selfpropulsion are first produced, and the calculations are then compared with the experimental results. On this basis, numerical simulations of the full-scale ship’s 10/10 standard zigzag maneuvers are carried out to analyze changes in the ship’s motion, hydrodynamics, flow field and vortex structure. [ Results] The selfpropulsion results show that the numerical method used in this paper is reliable. The torque coefficient decreases due to the propeller scale effect. When maneuvering, the ship’s motion is more intense. Due to the interference of the ship-rudder system, the post-propeller vortex structure is more complicated and produces a certain angle of offset with the change in drift angle. [Conclusions]The ship’s motion, hydrodynamic characteristics and flow field information can be accurately obtained using this numerical method to simulate fullscale ship maneuvers, it can be used as an effective pre-evaluation tool and provide references for ship design.