不同花生壳基质配比对西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

Peanut shell substrate ratio affects growth,yield and quality of watermelon

为筛选适宜西瓜生长的花生壳复配基质,以早春红玉为试验材料,以土壤栽培为对照(CK),研究了花生壳、牛粪有机肥体积比为75∶25(T1)、65∶35(T2)、50∶50(T3)和30∶70(T4)4种基质配比处理下西瓜生长、产量和品质的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,在T1和T2处理下西瓜植株生长无显著差异,但产量显著提高,果实品质有所改善,T2处理下维生素C含量、有机酸含量、果实边部及中心可溶性固形物含量和果形指数最高,分别为CK的1.70、2.11、1.20、1.07和2.49倍;T3和T4处理下植株生长减弱,T4处理下产量和果实边部可溶性固形物含量也比CK显著下降。通过综合评价,得分由高到低依次为T2、T1、CK、T3和T4。综上所述,以花生壳和牛粪有机肥为材料复配西瓜栽培基质时,花生壳配比适宜范围为65%~75%。

This study was aimed to select a suitable composite substrate ratio for watermelon cultivation.The changes of watermelon Zaochunhongyu growth and physiological parameters were studied under the peanut shells:organic fertilizer(volume ratio)of 75∶25(T1),65∶35(T2),50∶50(T3),and 30∶70(T4),and with soil cultivation(CK).The results showed that compared with CK treatment,T1 and T2 treatment had no significant effect on plant growth,but the yield and fruit quality significantly enhanced under T1 and T2 treatments.The vitamin C content,organic acid content,soluble solids content of flesh near rind and fruit shape index reached the highest under T2 treatment,which were 1.70,2.11,1.20,1.07 and 2.49 times that of CK,respectively.Plant growth was inhibited under T3 and T4 treatments.Yield and soluble solids content of flesh near rind also decreased significantly under T4 treatment.Finally,the optimal soil mix formulation was evaluated by using principal component analysis combined with membership function method,and the scores were T2,T1,CK,T3 and T4 from the highest to the lowest.In summary,when using peanut shell and cow manure organic fertilizer as watermelon cultivation substrate,the suitable range of peanut shell ratio is 65%-75%.