舰船舱室火灾下结构热力响应及极限强度研究

Research on thermodynamic response and ultimate strength of ships under cabin fire

舰船在维修、巡逻和战斗时,由于人员操作失误或遭受攻击易发生舱室火灾,从而可能造成极为严重的后果。本文选取典型舰船舱室结构,以油池模拟可燃物,采用火灾动力学模拟器(fire dynamics simulator, FDS)仿真软件,模拟不同火灾面积及通风条件下的舱室火灾场景,分析不同火灾场景下的舱室火灾发展规律。将环境温度映射至甲板板架结构有限元模型,考虑结构的初始缺陷和材料的高温热力学特性,采用顺序热力耦合算法,计算对比不同火灾工况下板架结构的热力响应与剩余强度。总结了氧气控制型、燃料控制型和过渡型等3种火灾类型下结构响应特点,发现大型火灾在前期对结构威胁较大,过渡型火灾在中后期威胁更大。本文研究工作可为实际火灾场景下的舰船等结构抗火设计与安全评估提供参考。

During the maintenance, patrol and combat of ships, cabin fire is easy to occur due to human error or attack,which may cause extremely serious consequences. This paper selects a typical ship cabin structure, and simulates the combustible with oil pool. FDS fire dynamics simulation software is used to simulate cabin fire scenes under different oil pool areas and ventilation conditions, and the development law of cabin fire under different fire scenes is analyzed.The ambient temperature is mapped to the finite element model of the deck grillage structure. Considering the initial defects of the structure and the high-temperature thermodynamic characteristics of the materials, the sequential thermodynamic coupling algorithm is adopted to calculate and compare the thermal response and residual strength of the deck grillage under different fire conditions. The structural response characteristics under three types of fire, including oxygen control type, fuel control type and transitional type, are summarized. It is found that large oil pool fire poses a great threat to the structure in the early stage, while transitional type fire poses a great threat to the structure in the middle and late stage. The research work in this paper can provide reference for fire resistant design and safety evaluation of ships and other structures under actual fire situation.