低沸点易燃液体火灾扑救难点及技术对策

Difficulty in fire fighting of flammable liquid with low boiling point and the fire extinguishing technical countermeasures

现有研究证明,由于低沸点易燃液体挥发性强、饱和蒸气压高,彻底灭火难度大。分析提出泡沫层、水膜、凝胶膜封闭抑制效果不佳,以及灭火泡沫疏油能力不强是灭火难度大的主要原因。介绍了七氟丙烷泡沫灭火技术、压缩气体泡沫灭火技术和专用高性能泡沫灭火剂等较为成熟的技术手段,指出未来应在储罐固定式泡沫系统应用技术、通用型泡沫灭火剂研发及火场应用技术等方面进行深入研究,从而全面解决低沸点易燃液体火灾扑救难题。

The existing research has proved that due to the high volatility and high vapor pressure of low boiling point flammable liquids, it is difficult to extinguish the fire thoroughly. The main reasons for the difficulty of extinguishing fire are the poor sealing effect of foam layer, water film and gel film, and the fact that the oil sparging ability of fire extinguishing foam is not strong enough. This paper introduces the more mature technical means such as Heptafluoropropane foam technology, compressed air foam extinguishing technology and high performance foam extinguishing agent. It is pointed out that the future application of the fixed foam system in the storage tank, the development of the general foam extinguishing agent and the application technology on the fire field should be thoroughly explored so as to comprehensively solve the fire fighting problem of the low boiling point flammable liquid.