论悲剧《哈姆莱特》第1、第2四折本的文本写作

Shakespearian Revision: the Q1, Q2 of The Tragedy of Hamlet and Their Relationship

活字印刷术促进了早期现代欧洲的传播与文化变革,也导致莎士比亚的戏剧常常有不同的版本。《哈姆莱特》第1四折本(Q1)不是原初剧作的盗印本,这个完整的悲剧可能是1598—1602年间莎士比亚创作的,更近似意大利式悲喜剧。在1600年之前,哈姆莱特的故事已多次在舞台上演出,这影响了莎士比亚的前两个四折本的创作。《哈姆莱特》第2四折本(Q2)在第1四折本的基础上作出了较大的增写和改写,同时也删除了第1四折本原初的一些诗行,因此成为一个新的独立的剧作;而且它更多显现出(罗马)拉丁复仇悲剧的影响,第2四折本在语言上表现出鲜明的巴洛克风格。

Letter press promoted the communication and cultural transformation in early modern Europe.There are different editions of Shakespeare’s plays.The first quarto of Hamlet is not a pirated or bad edition of the original play.The tragedy(Q1)may have been created by Shakespeare between 1598 and 1602,and is more similar to an Italian tragicomedy.Before 1600,Hamlet’s story had been performed on London stage many times,which influenced the writing of Shakespeare’s first two quarto editions.The Q2 of Hamlet is based on the Q1 with enlargement and rewriting.Meanwhile,some lines of original verses in the Q1 have been deleted.As a new independent play,Q2 shows the influence of(Roman)Latin revenge tragedies.And the Q2 shows a distinctive baroque style in its language.