技术标准司法适用的实践类型、理论与优化路径

Practical Types, Theories and Optimal Path of Judicial Application of Technical Standards

长期以来,技术标准的司法适用实践丰富:横向上,技术标准活跃于行政、民事与刑事各不同领域的司法裁判;纵向上,基于标准化法设定的多级标准内部体系,不同层级技术标准于司法适用中存在着差异表达。基于此,本文通过聚焦于技术标准在行政、民事与刑事诉讼领域中司法适用的实践,梳理了当前技术标准存在援引和审查两种固定司法适用类型,总结了当前技术标准司法适用过程中存在着缺乏一个相对稳定的标准,不加区分适用不同层级标准的问题。在此基础上,探讨了其中蕴含的多层级标准体系理论、制度能力理论和规范性文件权威性框架理论,并进一步提出应当规范法院对技术标准的适用表达,促进技术标准与现有规范的衔接,优化法院对技术标准的审查活动。

For a long time, the judicial application of technical standards has been rich in practice. Horizontally, technical standards are actively applied in judicial adjudication in administration, civil and criminal fields;vertically, there are differences in the expression of standards in judicial application. Based on this, by focusing on technical standards in the field of administrative, civil and criminal judicial practice, this paper combines the current technical standards cited and reviews two fixed judicial applicable types, and concludes that it lacks a relatively stable standard in the process of judicial application, and the problem of different levels of standard are not distinguished. On this basis, this paper discusses the multi-level standard system theory, system ability theory and the authoritative framework theory of normative documents, and further proposes to standardize the application and expression of technical standards, so as to promote the connection between technical standards and existing standards, and optimize the court’s review activities of technical standards.