鞋底材质与设计对运动员下肢生物力学特征的影响分析

Effect of Sole Material and Design on Biomechanical Characteristics of Athlete’s Lower Limbs

运动鞋鞋底是成鞋重要组成部分,其承担着人体几乎全部的质量,起到防滑、减震、保护足部的作用。以聚氨酯材质鞋底为例,分别采用3种纳米材料进行改性,分析了材质对运动鞋鞋底力学性能的影响,并探究了鞋底的舒适性、减震性和能量回输性设计,以及对运动员下肢生物力学特征的影响。透气性良好的鞋底可为运动员提供舒适干燥的体验;减震性能优良的鞋底能够较好缓解运动员下肢关节和组织所受到的冲击力;在鞋底的硬度和厚度设计中,要充分考虑运动员下肢关节的力矩和角度变化,以综合提升运动员的运动表现。

Sneaker sole is an important part of the shoes, which bear almost all the weight of the human body, play a role of anti-slip, shock absorption, protection of the foot. Taking polyurethane sole as an example, three kinds of nanomaterials were used to modify the sole, and the influence of the material on the mechanical properties of the sole was analyzed. Then, the design of comfort, shock absorption and energy return of the sole were explored, and the influence of the design on the biomechanical characteristics of athletes’ lower limbs was studied. Good air permeability of the sole can provide comfortable dry experience for athletes. The soles with good shock absorption performance can better alleviate the impact force of athletes’ lower limb joints and tissues. In the design of soles hardness and thickness, the torque and angle changes of athletes’ lower limb joints should be fully considered to comprehensively improve athletes’ performance.