广东省低海拔马铃薯种薯本地化繁育

Localization Propagation of Seed Potato in Guangdong Low Altitude Region

冬种马铃薯是广东省特色典型的效益农业,但由于缺乏种薯本地繁种体系,限制了马铃薯产业的发展壮大。为探索广东省马铃薯原种繁育采用的原原种最适规格,以不同单薯重的‘陇薯7号’和‘粤引85-38’原原种为材料,以原种为对照,进行小区试验。结果表明,2个品种原原种生育期至少较原种长9 d,随着原原种单薯重的增加,2个品种出苗率呈现升高的趋势,株高、主茎粗也呈现增加的趋势,晚疫病、早疫病、病毒病等病害的发病率均为0,在T5规格(重量为20~25 g)下2个品种产量最高,其次为T4(重量为15~20 g)和T3(重量为10~15 g),但与对照T6(马铃薯原种切块,重量25~30 g)在产量上均无显著差异(‘粤引85-38’T5除外)。第2年,将2个品种原原种繁育的种薯分别混合播种,以甘肃省种薯基地调运原种为对照,结果发现混合的‘陇薯7号’产量较甘肃省种薯基地调运原种增产2.51%,混合‘粤引85-38’产量较甘肃省种薯基地调运原种增产0.87%,且田间病毒病和晚疫病发生率在2批种薯间无差异。综合考虑生产投入成本、贮运等因素,提出T3(重量为10~15 g)为繁种的理想重量。研究为广东省低纬度种薯本地化繁育体系建设提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Winter planting potato is a typical benefit agriculture in Guangdong Province,but due to the lack of native propagation system of seed potatoes,the development of potato industry is limited.In order to find out the optimal specification of pre-elite potato seeds for propagation in Guangdong Province,a plot experiment was carried out with’Longshu 7’and’Yueyin 85-38’pre-elite of different weights as materials and their elite as controls.The growth duration of pre-elite of two varieties was longer than elite by at least nine days.With the increase of the potato pre-elite tuber weight,the two varieties showed a trend of increase in emergence percentage,plant height and main stem diameter.The incidences of late blight,early disease,and viral disease were zero in potato pre-elite of the two varieties.The yield of the two varieties of T5 specification(weight of 20-25 g)was the highest,followed by T4(weight of 15-20 g)and T3(weight of 10-15 g),but there was no significant difference among T3,T5 and T6(control,seed piece of elite,25-30 g)(except’Yueyin 85-38’T5).In the second year,the elites harvested from the pre-elite of the two varieties were sown in mixture,respectively,and the elite transported from the seed potato base of Gansu Province was used as a control.The elite yield of’Longshu 7’and’Yueyin 85-38’planted in mixture was 2.51%and 0.87%higher than that of the elite transported from the seed potato base of Gansu Province,respectively.There was no difference in the incidences of field viral disease and late blight between the two types of elite.Considering the cost of production,storage and transportation,T3(weight of 10-15 g)is proposed as the ideal weight for propagation.This study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of native propagation system of seed potatoes in low latitude region of Guangdong Province.