会泽县草地资源类型空间分布特征分析

Analysis on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Grassland Resource Types in Huize County

为了开展草地资源不同类型空间分布特征研究,更好地落实生态保护措施,促进草地资源可持续利用,以云南省会泽县为研究区域,选取2009年、2016年两期遥感影像,以及全国第二次土地调查数据库、2016年土地利用变更调查数据库作为基础数据源,借助于ArcGIS软件,从草地资源类型动态变化度、地学信息图谱的角度探讨草地资源不同类型空间分布特征。结果表明:全县4种草地资源类型中,山地草甸类占比较大,2009—2016年期间山地草甸类草地资源面积增加最多,为13636.34 hm^(2);从草地资源各类型动态变化度来看,全县暖性灌草丛类动态变化度最大,为6.20%;从各乡镇来看,热性灌草丛类动态变化度较大的乡镇为田坝乡(17.71%)和大井镇(16.06%);暖性灌草丛类动态变化度较大的乡镇为田坝乡(21.21%)和大井镇(11.46%);山地草甸类动态变化度较大的乡镇为田坝乡(23.51%)和纸厂乡(15.08%);高寒草甸类仅分布在大海乡和待补镇,二者动态变化度均不大。从草地资源各类型增势图谱和减势图谱来看,4种草地资源类型在2009—2016年期间既有增加,也有减少。草地资源各类型增加和流向的地类中,占比较重的为林地和其他土地中的裸地,2009—2016年期间草地资源热性灌草丛类、暖性灌草丛类、山地草甸类、高寒草甸类分别净增加4831.23 hm^(2)、2677.19 hm^(2)、13636.34 hm^(2)、-10.25 hm^(2),全县草地资源净增加21134.51 hm^(2),说明当地“退耕还草、退林还草”等生态保护措施具有一定的成效。

In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics of different types of grassland resources,implement ecological protection measures better and promote the sustainable utilization of grassland resources,this paper selects the two phases of remote sensing images in 2009 and 2016,the second national land survey database,the 2016 land use change survey database as the basic data sources,and Huize County,Yunnan Province as the research area.The spatial distribution characteristics of different types of grassland resources are discussed from the perspective of dynamic change degree of grassland resources and geoscience information map with the help of ArcGIS software.The results show that:Mountain meadow accounted for a relatively large proportion among the four types of grassland resources in the county.During 2009—2016,the area of mountain meadow grassland resources increased the most,reaching 13636.34 hm^(2);From the dynamic change degree of various types of grassland resources,the dynamic change degree of warm shrub and grass in the county was the largest which was up to 6.20%;From the perspective of villages and towns,the villages and towns with large dynamic change degree of thermal shrub and grass were Tianba Township(17.71%)and Dajing Town(16.06%);Tianba Township(21.21%)and Dajing Town(11.46%)were the towns with large dynamic variation of warm shrub and grass;Tianba Township(23.51%)and Zhichang Township(15.08%)were the towns with large dynamic variation of mountain meadow;Alpine meadows were only distributed in Dahai Township and Daibu Town,and both had little dynamic change.From the perspective of the increasing and decreasing trends of various types of grassland resources,the four types of grassland resources both increased and decreased during the period 2009—2016.Forest land and bare land from other land accounted for a relatively large proportion of the increase and flow of grassland resources.During 2009—2016,the grassland resources of thermal shrub and grass,warm shrub and grass,mountain meadow and alpine meadow increased respectively by 4831.23,2677.19,13636.34 and-10.25 hm^(2) respectively,and the grassland resources of the whole county increased by 21134.51 hm^(2).All of these data indicate that the local ecological protection measures of“returning farmland to grassland,returning forest to Grassland”have achieved certain results.