黑龙江省大豆高产栽培技术

High-Yield Cultivation Technology of Soybean in Heilongjiang Province

文章针对目前黑龙江省大豆生产现状,从品种选择、合理轮作方式、科学整地施肥、精量播种及病虫草害防治5个方面对大豆优质高产栽培技术进行了全面阐述和总结。为了建立黑龙江省大豆专用生产基地,在黑龙江省大豆主产区应尽可能采取大豆的独立生产、独立采购和独立加工,将黑龙江省打造成为我国最重要的优质高产大豆生产和出口基地。目前在大豆产量计算过程中,荚数数量是决定其产量的主导因素,实施大豆高产栽培的主要攻关目标之一是大豆单株荚数的增加。相关研究表明,大豆单株荚数受大豆主茎节数影响,而大豆栽培品种及大豆栽培技术共同决定主茎节数。因此,在黑龙江省大豆主要种植区域中,单株荚数是选择高产大豆种植品种的主要性状,密度及水肥条件决定栽培条件。文章通过高产栽培技术提高单株荚数和主茎节数,进而提高大豆产量进行研究,以期为提高黑龙江省大豆栽培技术水平和大豆产量提供理论基础和技术支撑。

In view of the present situation of soybean production in Heilongjiang Province,the cultivation technology of high quality and high yield of soybean were comprehensively expounded and summarized from five aspects:variety selection,rational crop rotation,scientific field preparation and fertilization,precise sowing and disease,insect and grass control.In order to establish a special soybean production base in Heilongjiang Province,independent soybean production,procurement and processing should be adopted as far as possible in the main soybean production areas in Heilongjiang Province,so as to build Heilongjiang Province into the most important high-quality and high-yield soybean production and export base in China.At present,pod number was the dominant factor in soybean yield calculation,and the increase of pod number per plant was one of the main targets of soybean high-yield cultivation.The results showed that soybean pod number per plant was affected by the number of main stem nodes,and soybean cultivars and soybean cultivation technology jointly determined the number of main stem nodes.Therefore,in the main area of Heilongjiang Province in our country,the main character for selecting high-yield soybean varieties was the number of pods per plant,and the cultivation conditions were mainly density,water and fertilizer conditions.In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving the level of soybean cultivation technology and soybean yield in Heilongjiang Province,the paper studied on improving pod number per plant and node number of main stem by high-yield cultivation technology,and then improving soybean yield.