高空科学气球应急安全控制及落点定位系统

Emergency Safety Control and Landing Location System of High Altitude Scientific Balloon

高空科学气球是一种在临近空间飞行的无动力飞行器。当高空气球飞行状况出现异常,需要对其进行应急安全控制,使其可控地降落至地面。但目前中国国内相关单位进行的高空气球试验中,没有独立的应急安全控制手段。另外,由于飞行试验一般在地广人稀的区域进行,网络覆盖率低,无线电视距测控链路会因作用距离限制出现中断,高空科学气球载荷舱返回地面后的精确定位信息无法回传,致使回收人员无法进行快速搜寻。针对这些问题,文章采用STM32芯片、FreeRTOS操作系统作为软硬件架构,集成GPS定位功能和火工品引爆功能,并基于独立的铱星卫星通信链路,设计实现了高空气球全球范围内球体与载荷的可控分离和定位信息的回传,有效地提高了飞行任务的安全性和有效载荷回收的效率。

Balloon is a kind of scientific aircraft flying in high altitude without power.When the flight condition of high-altitude balloon is abnormal,it is necessary to carry out emergency safety control to make it fall to the ground controllably.However,recently there is no independent emergency safety control means in the high-altitude balloon test conducted by relevant units in China.In addition,because the flight test is generally carried out in a sparsely populated area,the network coverage is low,and the wireless TV measurement and control link may be interrupted due to the limitation of operating distance.The accurate positioning information after the high-altitude science balloon load module lands in the ground cannot be returned,so that the recovery personnel cannot search quickly.To solve these problems,this paper uses STM32 chip and FreeRTOS operating system as software and hardware architecture,integrates GPS positioning function and initiating function of initiating explosive devices,and designs and realizes the controllable separation of sphere and load and the return of positioning information of high-altitude balloon around the world based on independent iridium satellite communication link,It effectively improves the safety of mission and the efficiency of payload recovery.