《IUCN基于自然的解决方案全球标准》下的生态保护修复管理对策研究

Research on Management Countermeasures for Ecological Conservation and Restoration Under the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions

面对严峻的生态退化与生物多样性丧失形势,中国陆续出台了诸多生态保护修复相关政策,并实施了三北防护林建设、退耕还林还草、全域土地综合整治、山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复等工程。上述行动取得显著成效的同时也存在项目系统性不强、保护修复措施缺乏针对性、生物多样性改善成效不足、各类行业标准难以协调、管理模式缺乏科学性等一系列问题。在调查梳理已有管理要求的基础上,参照世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)发布的《IUCN基于自然的解决方案全球标准》核心内容,从管理角度梳理中国当前生态保护修复工作主要的瓶颈以及该标准的“本土化”方式,并分别从技术、资金以及项目管理3个方面提出管理策略:1)围绕生态保护修复项目全生命周期建立标准体系;2)建立健全社会资本投入保护修复领域的机制;3)从完善项目评审、加强部门合作、引入适应性管理及确保有效公众参与方面优化项目管理机制。以期为今后生态保护修复领域的政策制定与管理机制优化提供借鉴。

Given the severe ecological degradation and biodiversity loss,China has successively introduced many policies related to ecological conservation and restoration,and implemented a series of projects such as Three-North Shelter Forest Construction,Farmland Returning to Forests and Grasslands,Comprehensive Land Consolidation,Integrated Conservation and Restoration of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Farmlands,Lakes,Grasslands and Sandy Lands.Although the above actions have made remarkable achievements,there still exist a range of problems such as weak project systematicness,impertinent conservation and restoration measures,inadequate biodiversity improvement,discordant standards and unscientific management model.In combination with existing management requirements and the core contents of the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN),this research,from the management perspective,clarifies main bottlenecks in the current ecological conservation and restoration in China and methods for achieving the“localization”of the standard above,and proposes the following management strategies from the three aspects of technology,capital and project management:1)establish a standard system centering around the whole life cycle of ecological conservation and restoration projects;2)establish a sound mechanism for input of social capital in the field of conservation and restoration;3)optimize the project management mechanism from such aspects as improving project review,strengthening departmental cooperation,introducing adaptive management and ensuring effective public participation,in hope of providing reference for subsequent policy-making and management mechanism optimization in conservation and restoration.