基于用户生成内容影像数据的城市公园游客游憩心理画像研究

Research on Recreational Psychology Profiling of Tourists in Urban Parks Based on User Generated Content Image Data

在城市公园中,对游客进行游憩心理画像有助于从人本视角精准识别游客景观偏好与游憩需求,针对性地指导公园空间、景观的更新实践。借鉴刑侦学、环境行为学的心理画像理论,基于对网络社交媒体平台中用户生成内容(UGC)影像数据的主题聚类分析,构建了以数据转译、偏好表征、心理画像为操作步骤,以5种景观类型(园林空间、自然花木、人工园景、历史遗存、游憩活动)和6组影像特征因子(整体—局部、画面—信息、恒定—变化、标志—日常、活力—沉郁、丰富—纯粹)为画像要素的城市公园游客游憩心理画像分析方法。以重庆市沙坪公园为例,对公园中不同性别、地区、年龄的游客进行了群体心理画像分析。研究发现:1)男性游客更关注空间认知与人文体验,女性游客更关注景观细节与审美体验;2)本地游客注重休闲体验与日常景观,外地游客注重观光体验与特色景观;3)青年游客具有“新词强愁”心理,中年游客具有“离俗审美”心理,老年游客具有“活力摄补”心理。此外,基于对样本量前20和前4位序游客的个体心理画像分析,从游憩空间优化、游憩线路导览2个方面提出了城市公园人本更新的指导措施,可为相关城市公园空间治理实践提供理论与方法参考。

In urban parks,recreational psychology profiling of tourists is helpful to accurately identify the recreational preferences and needs from a people-oriented perspective,and pertinently guide park space and landscape regeneration practice.Drawing on the theory of psychology profiling originating from criminology and environmental behavior science,and based on the thematic cluster analysis of user generated content(UGC)image data in online social media platforms,this research constructs a recreational psychology profiling analysis method targeting tourists in urban parks.The method takes data translation,preference expression and psychology profiling as operation steps,and further takes five landscape types(garden space,natural flowers and trees,artificial landscape,historical relics and recreational activities)and six groups of image characteristic factors(overall-partial,graphic-informational,constant-changeable,iconic-routine,vital-sullen,and complex-pure)as profiling elements.Taking Shaping Park in Chongqing as an example,this research conducts a group-based psychology profiling analysis on tourists varying in gender,area and age in the park.It finds out that:1)male tourists pay more attention to spatial cognition and humanistic experience,while female tourists pay more attention to landscape details and aesthetic experience;2)local tourists pay attention to leisure experience and daily landscape,while external tourists pay attention to sightseeing experience and characteristic landscape;3)young tourists have“pretending sadness for poem composing”psychology,middle-aged tourists have“reclusive aesthetic”psychology,while elderly tourists have“vitality compensation”psychology.In addition,based on the individual psychology profiling analysis of the top 20 and top 4 tourists in the park in terms of sample size,the research proposes several guiding measures for people-oriented renewal of urban parks from two aspects of recreational space optimization and recreational route guidance,which may provide theoretical and methodological reference for related space governance practice regarding urban parks.