冬季冷墙不对称辐射的热舒适限值

Comfort Limit in Asymmetric Environments with a Cold Wall in Winter

为了研究冬季具有单面冷墙时,建筑保温设计室内计算参数的限值,设计了3个实验工况,室温均为18℃,冷辐射墙体内壁温分别为15℃和12℃,此外还包括1个均匀工况对照组。采用72人次受试者,服装热阻约为1.4 clo。实验中测试了实验室环境参数和人体生理参数,同时请受试者填写主观热反应调查问卷。结果表明,不同实验工况身体上部(额头、颈部、手臂)的皮肤温度较为稳定,但身体下肢皮肤温度随实验进程逐渐下降。冬季室温为18℃时,满足5%局部热不舒适的不对称辐射温度Δt;约为4.2℃,室内空气温度与外墙内壁温之差的限值最小值为2.7℃。研究结果可以为建筑外墙保温设计提供参考。

In order to study the limits of indoor design parameters of building thermal insulation with a cold wall in winter, three experimental conditions were designed. The room temperature was 18 ℃, and the inner surface temperatures of a cold radiation wall were 15 ℃ and 12 ℃, respectively. In addition, a control group for a uniform condition was included. There were 72 subjects participating in the experiment, with their clothing insulation being roughly 1.4 clo. In the experiment, the indoor environment parameters and human physiological parameters were tested, and the subjects were asked to fill in the subjective questionnaire. The results showed that the skin temperatures of the upper body(forehead, neck and arm) were relatively stable under different conditions, but the skin temperatures of the lower body gradually decreased with the duration of the experiment. When the room temperature was 18 ℃ in winter, the radiant temperature asymmetry Δt;satisfying 5% local thermal discomfort was about 4.2 ℃, and the minimum temperature difference between indoor air temperature and the inner surface of an exterior wall was 2.7 ℃. The research results can provide a reference for building thermal design of the exterior wall.