江南水乡村镇地区民居通风策略分析及对新民居建设的启示

Research on the Ventilation Strategies of Dwellings in Jiangnan Watertown and the Design Recommendations

自然通风作为有效的气候适应性设计策略,一直在民居中发挥着重要作用。本文通过现场勘查、问卷调研等方法,调研了江南水乡地区现代民居和传统民居的通风现状,并对典型民居的风环境进行了测试,最后选取了86幢现代民居和22幢传统民居进行通风分析。研究得知,在群体布局上民居依水而建,依靠河道、街巷等引风入内,来改善聚落内部的微气候。在单体设计上现代民居依靠贯通的平面来组织通风,易形成穿堂风,但在夏天易把室外的热量带入室内;传统民居主要依靠天井、冷巷等窄而高的半开敞空间来组织通风,通风的同时兼顾了隔热。

As an effective climate-adaptive design strategy, natural ventilation plays an important role in dwellings. This paper aims to investigate the ventilation status of modern and traditional dwellings in Jiangnan Watertown, using the methods of field investigation and questionnaire survey. 86 modern dwellings and 22 traditional dwellings are finally selected for analysis. It is found from this research that the layout of the residential buildings are designed and built along the river and to adapt the micro-climate in the settlements by bringing in air from rivers or alleys. As for building design, the modern houses stay ventilated by interconnected space which tends to produce natural ventilation, which, however, is likely to bring the outdoor heat into the room in summer. By contrast, the traditional houses take advantage of some semi-open spaces such as patio or cold lane to keep airy, which accommodates the demand of ventilation and thermal insulation.