相对贫困视域下“双一流”建设高校贫困生识别策略研究

The Identification of Needy Students in “Double First-Class” Construction Universities from the Perspective of Relative Poverty

一流拔尖创新人才培养需要高校提供支持性的制度环境,学生资助体系是其中关键一环。在"后扶贫时代","双一流"建设高校学生资助工作的高质量发展依托于对学生贫困状态的准确判断,但是学界缺乏对相对贫困学生群体的科学识别。基于相对贫困理论与可负担性原则,对研究型大学贫困生常用认定方法进行梳理总结,并采用"全国高校学生教育支出调查"数据比较上述识别方法的效果。研究发现收入法、支出法、收入-支出双指标差值法和比值法在高校贫困生认定方面都存在一定局限。模拟分析表明,通过调整相对贫困线标准,有望提升双指标比值法的识别精度,从而更为科学地认定"双一流"建设高校中的相对贫困学生群体。

The cultivation of first-class innovative talents requires universities to provide a supportive institutional environment, and the student aid system is one of the key points. In the“post poverty alleviation era”,the high-quality development of student financial assistance in“Double First-Class”construction universities depends on the accurate judgment of students’ poverty status, but the literature lacks the research on the scientific identification of relatively poor students. Based on the principles of relative poverty and affordability of higher education, this paper summarizes the commonly used identification methods of poverty students in universities, and empirically compares the effects of the above identification methods by using the data of“national survey of college students’ education expenditure”. It is found that the income method, expenditure method, income-expenditure double index difference method and ratio method have certain limitations in the identification of poverty college students. Specifically, various methods lead to a certain omission rate, leakage rate and misjudgment rate in varying degrees. By adjusting the relative poverty line standard, it is expected to improve the identification accuracy of the double index ratio method, so as to identify the relatively poverty students in the“Double First-Class”construction universities more scientifically.