泉雨井池:鲁中山区乡村的水资源利用及其类型

Springs and Rain Wells and Ponds:Water Use and Its Typology in the Mountainous Villages of Central Lu

鲁中山区气候和地质特点的叠加,造成了水资源的匮乏及其所呈现的季节性特点。为了应对这一干旱频发的现实环境,鲁中山区乡民发展出多种类型的水资源利用方式:泉水、井水、旱井水、湾水。山泉以大气降水大量渗漏作为主要补给源,使泉水在大旱之年的祈雨仪式中扮演了核心角色。由于泉水的季节性和不稳定性,以及因村庄人口增加而导致的供需矛盾,鲁中山区乡民通过开凿水井和旱井解决用水难题。对地下水和地表水的充分利用,体现出水资源对于鲁中山区乡村民众生活的重要性,以及人们在适应环境历史进程中的用水智慧。

The combination of climatic and geological characteristics in the mountainous areas of central Lu has resulted in a scarcity of water resources and the seasonal characteristics they present,with droughts occurring frequently in spring.In order to cope with this drought-prone environmental condition,rural villagers in the mountainous areas of central Lu have developed various types of water use:springs,wells,dry wells and bay water.Due to the seasonal and unstable nature of springs and the contradiction between supply and demand due to the increase in village population,the villagers in the mountainous areas of central Lu have solved their water problems by digging wells and dry wells.The full use of groundwater and surface water reflects the importance of water resources to the lives of the rural people in the mountainous areas of central Lu and the wisdom of the people in adapting to the history of their environment in the use of water.