基于AMO模型的应用型本科高校创新创业教师队伍建设研究

Research on Cultivating Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teaching Staff in Application-oriented Undergraduate Universities Based on AMO Model

国家实施创新驱动发展战略,需要应用型本科高校结合区域经济社会发展需求,培养具有创新创业意识、思维和能力的大学生,这对创新创业教师队伍提出了更高的要求。然而,目前创新创业教育外热内温,创新创业教师队伍存在数量供不应求、结构不均衡、缺乏动态能力提升机制、意识缺失和动力不足等问题。基于高校人力资本密集的特征,将人力资源实践促进组织绩效提升的AMO模型运用于应用型本科高校创新创业教育工作,从能力、动机、机会三个视角,提出三项建议:以构建胜任模型为基础,广泛开展培训,鼓励以赛促教,以“双师”为基础,跨学科师资团队为关键,优化双创师资能力;与立德树人目标有机融合、加强顶层设计和政策引导,构建完备的职业路径、公平的短期业绩激励和长效激励机制,激活双创教师动力;发挥产教融合优势,整合优势资源,搭建“双创”平台,加强信息沟通,营造“双创”氛围,鼓励参与决策,创造开展“双创教育”机会。

The national implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy requires application-oriented undergraduate universities to cultivate graduates with innovative thinking and entrepreneurship abilitiesin response to the needs of regional economic and social development,which puts forward higher requirements for the teachers who can offer the courses of innovation and entrepreneurship.However,the present innovation and entrepreneurship education in application-oriented undergraduate universities is faced with certain challenges and the teacher team of innovation and entrepreneurship coursesare confronted with such problems as insufficient supply,unbalanced structure,lack of dynamic ability improvement mechanism,and weaker awareness of innovation andentrepreneurship and insufficient motivation.Based on the characteristics of intensive human capital at universities,this paper employs AMO model,that is,the theory of human resource practice to promote organizational performance,to reveal the pathways for the improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship education in application-oriented undergraduate universities.Three categories of solutions for HR practices are presentedfrom the perspectives of abilities,motivations and opportunities respectively.The first is to carry out extensive training and encourage students to participate in competitions to promote the teaching based on the construction of competency model,in which the double-qualified teachers and cross-disciplines are working as a team to optimize the ability of teachers.The second is to strengthen the goal of cultivating talents,improve policy guidance,build career paths,carry out short-term and long-term incentive mechanisms so as to activate the motivation of teachers.The third is to utilize the advantages of the integration of industry and education,integrate resources,build platforms,strengthen communication,encourage participation in decision-making,create an atmosphere for entrepreneurship and innovation,creating greater opportunities for teachers.